Recycling of Waste Glass as Partial Replacement to Fine Aggregate and Rice Husk Ash as Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete Production

The Recycled Waste Glass (RWG) is a most suitable substitute to the natural sand to be utilized in the concrete manufacturing industry and Rice Husk Ash (RHA) is an agricultural by-product having enormous characteristics to utilize as cementitious material in concrete. This study was carried out to understand the effects of RHA as partial replacement to cement and RWG as a partial replacement to natural fine aggregate with 10%, 20% and 30% levels of substitutions in the concrete mixes respectively. The effects were investigated on the workability and compressive strength characteristics of fresh and hardened concrete. A total of 4 mixtures were prepared for M15 grade concrete with 1:2:4 concrete proportions and water to cement ratio of 0.55. Out of them one was controlled mixture and three were with 10%, 20% and 30% equal substitution levels of combined RHA and RWG. The acquired results showed that the slump values were like that of conventional concrete at combined incorporation of RHA and RWG at 10% replacement, but a decline was noticed at 20% and 30% replacement. The decline was due to the more surface area of RHA which absorbs more water. The compressive strength at 10%RHA and 10% RWG combined replacement in concrete mix was increased by 9.7% as compared to controlled mix after 28 days curing. The results were similar at 20%RHA and 20%RWG incorporation as compared to controlled concrete mix. It is concluded that RHA and RGW can be utilized at 10% equal replacement in the concrete and the cost of construction can be reduced. This research work will be helpful in developing a comprehensive scientific data base on combined utilization of RHA and RWG in the concrete mixes and the upcoming scientists, scholars and students will be benefitted

Investigating The Combined Effects of Replacing Cement with Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Coarse Aggregate with Ceramic Tile Waste in Concrete Production

The aim of this study is to elevate the effects of combine inclusion of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) as cement and ceramic tile waste (CTW) as coarse aggregate replacement on concrete properties. However, SCBA is a waste material and having good pozzolanic properties. The importance of sustainability and recycling has become increasingly recognized and understood in academia and industry over the last several decades. Besides that, the recycling construction waste and debris is one of many avenues that provide a great opportunity to reduce the construction industry reliance on decreasing natural resource supplies. In order to optimize the percent replacement of cement by SCBA, the cement has been partially replaced by SCBA constant, the ceramic waste is replaced at the dosages 10%, 20% and 30% by weight of coarse aggregates. The various outcomes of replacement by SCBA and CTW have been analyzed through evaluation of different properties like workability and compressive strength for 7 days and 28 days. The results further revealed that the workability decreased with the inclusion of SCBA and CTW. The compressive Strength of concrete mix was relatively higher at 10% replacement of cement by SCBA and 10% replacement of CTW, after which it decreased beyond 10% replacement. The maximum compressive strength was observed as 26.57 N/mm2 SCBA in proportion of constant 10% by weight in concrete mixes. It was deduced from the outcomes of this study that 10% SCBA and 10% CTW replacement by cement and coarse aggregates respectively could be considered as optimum replacement

Effects of Coal Bottom Ash as Cementitious Material on Compressive Strength and Chloride Permeability of Concrete

Coal Bottom Ash (CBA) is the waste material produced by coal-based power plants, particularly in Malaysia around 1.7 million tons of CBA was produced annually, which is major environmental concern. Therefore, the use of CBA as a partial replacement of cement in concrete is a possible solution for that pollution; this approach also creates a new corridor in the field of concrete production. However, this study aims to evaluate the effects of CBA as cementitious material on the concrete properties. This study incorporated 10% CBA as a cement replacement by weight method in concrete. However, concrete samples were prepared with and without CBA and immersed in water for 7, 28, 56 and 90 days. Next, the performances of concrete with and without CBA were evaluated in terms of workability, compressive strength, and rapid chloride permeability test. It was found that due to presence of CBA in concrete, workability reduces; no substantial growth in compressive strength at the early ages but substantial rise in strength was noticed after 56 days. Almost 4.7% higher strength was recorded than the control specimens at 90 days. Besides that, concrete containing CBA has lower chloride penetration as compared to the control specimen, which shows its better durability performance. It can be concluded that CBA has an enormous potential to be utilized as a cementitious material in durable concrete production

Land suitability modelling using geographical information system (GIS) and multi-criteria decision making (MCDM)

There has been growing concern that the development activities have high potential to cause environmental problems. The decision-makers are trying hard to reinforce new policies and procedures towards sustainable development projects. Finding adequate land for any new business or development activity is a key factor considered in sustainable theories. Big projects involve numerous factors, and this makes land selection as a complex activity; thus, it is not easy to find the best suitable land parcel for development projects. Therefore, this chapter highlights the significance and effectiveness of GIS and MCDM in resolving various land suitability issues. The integration of GIS and various MCDM approaches is successfully seen in resolving land suitability problems in the world

Influence of Lime and Coal Bottom Ash as Partial Cement Replacement Material on Mechanical Properties of Concrete

Coal bottom ash (CBA) is waste material like coarse sand collected at the bottom of the furnace during the power generation at the coal operated power plants. However, its huge production becomes a major issue that will bring a negative impact on the environment as it will lead to a higher risk of groundwater contamination. In this study, 10% of CBA with proportions of 5%, 10%, and 15% of lime were used to replace the cement by weight, respectively. A slump test was conducted to measure the workability property. The compressive strength test, split tensile strength test and flexural strength test was carried out after 7 days and 28 days of the curing. Based on the results, the workability of concrete showed a reduction when the cement replacement level increased. The compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strengths were reduced when cement replacement level increase but the strength was increased with the increase in curing age. However, the concrete containing 10% CBA showed higher split tensile strength than the control

Utilization of sawdust ash as cement replacement for the concrete production: a review

Cement is the main materials for the construction and it is very expensive. Considering the growing demand of cement, the researchers are probing towards the new cement replacement materials. To achieve the sustainable development, it is imperative to use supplementary cementing materials in the field of concrete engineering. Currently, numerous research has been conducted on the utilization of sawdust ash as a cement replacement in the production of green building material and an alternative means of wood waste minimization. The result of this research work has indicated that sawdust ash has a good potential to be utilized as replacement of ordinary Portland cement for the production of concrete. The aim of this review work is to summarize previous research studies on utilization of sawdust ash as a cement replacement. Hence, this review paper will provide the significant idea and valuable information for the fellow researchers working for the composite cement materials, supplementary cementing materials in the field of concrete technology and it is the considerable verdict that more research is deserved to be carried out on the development of high-strength concrete incorporating sawdust ash as a cement replacement

Preliminary Investigation of Thermal Behavior of Lightweight Foamed Concrete Incorporating Palm Oil Fuel Ash and Eggshell Powder

This study was performed to investigate the thermal and mechanical properties of foamed concrete when supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) are utilized. Sustainable foamed concrete of 1800 kg/m3 dry density was prepared by incorporating Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) ranging from 30 % to 35 % and Eggshell Powder (ESP) from 5 % to 15 % as SCMs. It was found that the combined utilization of POFA and ESP in the foamed concrete produced favorable results by reducing the thermal conductivity up to 42.68 % compared to the control sample, thus enhanced thermal insulating property of foamed concrete. This study confirmed that recycling and reusing of POFA and ESP are possible in foamed concrete which could be used for non-structural applications where thermal insulating is required

Development of supplementary cementitious materials: a systematic review

Concrete is the essential development material utilized for common works and it is profoundly expensive. The interest in building materials, for example, concrete is becoming comprehensively because of the development in the populace. Around 3 billion tons of Portland concrete are at present devoured around the world, and around 400 kilograms of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas is discharged to deliver each 600 kilograms of concrete. As respects CO2 creation, its belongings are natural contamination. The presentation of Additional Cementitious Materials (SCMs) can finger it. SCMs practice is well known these days in view of its great accomplishment in the field of manageable development. Utilizing SCMs is a worthwhile movement for the development business, which gives minimal effort and earth neighborly development. SCMs have regularly been presented instead of Portland concrete, which builds solid quality and strength productivity. A great deal of work has been done on the utilization of SCMs in the assembling of green structure materials. This exploration article sums up the past outcomes concerning the utilization of SCMs as a fractional substitute for concrete. This paper will consequently give the kindred scientists, who are searching for extra cementitious materials in the field of solid assembling, with a noteworthy thought and helpful information

Theoretical and actual bearing capacity of driven piles using model piles in sand

In general, increasing of penetration rate may result in an increased of pile capacity. Occasionally, there were differences between theoretical and actual bearing capacity of the piles. Rate of penetration of pile influenced the pile bearing capacity. The bearing capacity of model pile increased as the rate of loading increased based on pile driving formula. Therefore, the study was conducted to determine the bearing capacity of model piles with different penetration forces based on theoretical method and experimented analysis. Five circular hollow section model piles using pipe pile were used to penetrate into cohesionless soil with different penetration force respectively. The loading for ultimate bearing capacity using theoretical calculation was approximately about 0.163kN. However, referring to the limitation of a laboratory setup, the maximum loading was 0.12kN. Several trials had been initiated but when it reached 0.14kN, the setup was unstable and dangerous to be continued. Therefore, the ultimate bearing capacity derived by the pile load test results were based on a pile moved up to 10% of its tip diameter criteria. In the future, both theoretical and actual calculation must be made to avoid any confusion and detect mistakes in near futur

Effect of Dried Sewage Sludge on Compressive Strength of Concrete

Sewage sludge is a waste product generated from the wastewater treatment process at the treatment plant. The amount of sewage sludge produced is increases every year as the population increased. Poor management of sewage sludge will give negative impact to the environment. Replacing cement with sewage sludge ash is more significant to reduce the amount of waste material from sewage treatment plants. In this study, the various percentage of dried sewage sludge (DSS) has been added to replace the cement. Sewage sludge was dried in the oven with 100°C for 24 hours, then sieve through the sieve size 300 µm. Then, DSS was used in the concrete instead of cement with the replacement percentage of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight. The compressive strength of concrete cube specimens was investigated after 7 and 28 days of curing. The results showed that the compressive strength of concrete specimens increased with the replacement of cement in concrete with 5 % to 10 % DSS, but the achieved maximum strength still lower compared to the control sample. However, the compressive strength of concrete specimens decreased when the DSS replacement of cement is more than 10 % by weight. The result of XRF test also showed that DSS has good potential to replace cement in concrete